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Gaining weight in midlife may decrease dementia risk, study suggests

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A study of nearly 2 million people in Britain suggests an unexpected protective effect against dementia: obesity in midlife.

The research, published Friday in the journal The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, linked a 34 percent increased risk of dementia among people who had a BMI of less than 20 kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5 is considered to be underweight. Meanwhile, the study findings linked very obese people— those with a BMI greater than 40— to having a 29 percent decreased risk of dementia.

Study authors, from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, did not examine the reasoning behind the link, but in a news release, they noted their findings contradict previous research that suggests obesity increases dementia risk.

Researchers collaborated with global data research firm OXON Epidemiology to analyze the study participants’ medical records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a database comprising about 9 percent of the United Kingdom population. Study participants had a median age of 55 and an average BMI of 26.5, which is considered overweight, at the beginning of the study. During an average nine years of follow-up, nearly 50,000 people were diagnosed with dementia.

The authors noted a gradual declining trend of dementia risk above a BMI of 25, which is considered healthy, up to 35 and higher. The participants’ birth year, age of diagnosis, as well as potentially confounding factors believed to increase dementia risk— like alcohol use and smoking— didn’t impact the results significantly, the news release said.

 Lead study author Nawab Qizilbash, of OXON Epidemiology, and an honorary senior lecturer at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, said further research is needed to identify the reason behind the link.

“If increased weight in mid-life is protective against dementia, the reasons for this inverse association are unclear at present,” he said in the news release. “Many different issues related to diet, exercise, frailty, genetic factors and weight change could play a part.”

Study author Stuart Pocock, medical statistics professor at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, said his team’s initial findings may hold promise for future dementia treatment.

“Our results suggest that doctors, public health scientists, and policy makers need to rethink how to best identify who is at high risk of dementia,” Pocock said. “We also need to pay attention to the causes and public health consequences of the link between underweight and increased dementia risk, which our research has established. However, our results also open up an intriguing new avenue in the search for protective factors for dementia.”

Researchers noted in the release that their threshold for “underweight” in the study was 20 kg/m2, which is slightly higher than the BMI usually considered to be underweight, 18.5 kg/m2, to allow for more direct comparison with earlier dementia and BMI studies.

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Scientists make new discovery about Stone-Age sex

Scientists make new discovery about Stone-Age sex

This undated image made available by the NIH’s National Cancer Institute shows the 46 human chromosomes. (AP Photo/NIH, National Cancer Institute, Hesed Padilla-Nash, Thomas Ried)

Scientists are puzzling over a new discovery regarding Stone Age sex: It seems that for every 17 women who reproduced at the time, just one man did the same.

The findings are based on an analysis of the DNA of 450 people from geographically diverse locations. Researchers compared Y-chromosome DNA, which is inherited only from our male forbears, with mitochondrial DNA, which comes from women, Pacific Standard reports.

Such analysis can show experts our numbers of male and female ancestors, and the mystery here is why these ancient numbers are so out of whack.

“It wasn’t like there was a mass death of males,” says Melissa Wilson Sayres of Arizona State University. “They were there, so what were they doing?” Her team has suggested that perhaps a few males accumulated a great deal of wealth, pushing out others when it came to reproduction.

As Danielle Paquette puts it at the Washington Post, “Survival of the fittest might have actually been survival of the richest.” This would have occurred after the dawn of agriculture, suggesting that the top male reproducers were essentially the best farmers.

Amanda Marcotte writes at Slate that the findings would seem to run counter to the thinking of evolutionary biologists who believe our nature was defined during the earlier hunter-gatherer period of cavemen.

She’s also glad that an age in which a few men got all the women is long gone. “That sounds terrible for both men and women.” (Other recent evolutionary research examines why men like curvy women.)

This article originally appeared on Newser: 8K Years Ago, Women Reproduced Way More Often Than Men

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Freedom Bills – Why They Don’t Work…

The problem with protection of groups, religions, speech, gun rights, etc. through legislation is simple – A government that can decide who to protect can also decide who to abuse.  Governments take away rights.  They tell you what you can and cannot do in your life, with your property, with your business, with your money, with your family.

When anyone goes to the government to pass a bill to “protect their rights” they are putting their head in the lion’s mouth.  As Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence:

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.–That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”

Our rights and freedoms come from our Creator, not from government.  Governments ONLY get their power from what people give them.  We have given our government too much.  A government big enough to pass your bill today will pass one tomorrow that hurts you.  If we want to treat each other properly, we will.  If we want to discriminate, we will.

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There are laws against murder, robbery and fraud.  So those no longer happen right?  In comes Indiana.  It passed a bill similar to federal laws and laws in 20 other states.  It is passed for religious freedom, but is being touted as anti-gay.  Perhaps it is both, perhaps it is neither.  The real issue is, that bill won’t change anything.  I don’t want to drive people underground in their bigotry against religion or bigotry against gays.  I would rather they freely express their opinions so I can choose not to support their businesses.

My prayer is that we can treat each other with love and respect because it is what is right, not keep running to the government to enforce morality.  Think about it for a minute…  Government as a source of morality?  Really?

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2M-year-old find may be ancient ‘playground’

2M-year-old find may be ancient 'playground'

Have archaeologists found an ancient playground? (stock photo) (AP Photo/The Tampa Bay Times, Edmund D. Fountain, Pool)

An investigation into what appears to be a nearly 2 million-year-old site in China’s Hebei province suggests the spot served an important purpose: fun. The South China Morning Post compares the dig site to a “playground” for ancient hominids, noting that it was home to some 700 stone objects and 20,000 fragments; some may well have been kids’ toys, believes lead researcher Wei Qi.

He speculates that the objects, most less than two inches long, were made by children and their mothers. “You can almost feel the maker’s love and passion,” says Wei of one piece he describes as “beautifully shaped.” The other bits of evidence supporting his playground theory: The remains of animals or large tools in the area are scarce, suggesting it’s not where hominids lived and a limited number of adults toiled there.

The site is part of the Nihewan basin, which has been the source of a vast trove of ancient discoveries since 1921, Ancient Origins reports.

What’s also relatively new is the dating of the site, carried out by studying its magnetic properties. Results suggesting it dates to between 1.77 million and 1.95 million years ago could make it older than the Dmanisi site in Georgia, which UNESCO calls the “most ancient” in Eurasia.

But outside researchers have their doubts about the playground theory: “It is difficult to rule out the possibility that (the objects) were just stone fragments created by natural forces,” says one.

If the discoveries really were made by hominids more than 1.8 million years ago—when the first hominid is though to have left Africa—it could change the story of human origins, the Week notes.

(A recently discovered jawbone is also challenging such conceptions.)

This article originally appeared on Newser: 2M-Year-Old Stones May Have Belonged to Children

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Search for ‘White City’ uncovers lost civilization

Heard of the long-lost “White City” or “City of the Monkey God”? A group of experts who entered a Honduran rainforest in search of it emerged last Wednesday saying they have found a lost city—one that’s totally untouched,National Geographic reports.

As writer Douglas Preston explains, “Archaeologists no longer believe in the existence of … Ciudad Blanca, as described in the legends” but suspect there are many such cities secreted away in this rainforest, “which taken together represent something far more important—a lost civilization.” This find points to that: an unnamed, “scarcely studied” civilization that apparently flourished a thousand years ago and disappeared.

Among the exposed remains are an earthen pyramid, mounds, large plazas, sculptures, and ceremonial seats. More may be buried, and a team member dates what was found to AD 1000 to 1400.

“The undisturbed context is unique,” archaeologist Christopher Fisher tellsNational Geographic, which explains the found objects, many poking through the earth, have not been excavated. The hunt for the White City—the first recorded mention of which may lie in a 1526 letter from Hernán Cortés to Spain’s Charles V—allegedly made headway in 1940 when explorer Theodore Morde emerged from the Mosquitia rainforest with a huge cache of apparent White City artifacts, but he killed himself before divulging the location.

Documentary filmmakers spotted the current Mosquitia location (which remains secret) in 2012 by scanning a Honduran valley with a plane-mounted lidar scanner, reported a previous New Yorker article also by Preston.

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Why was a 9th century Viking woman buried with a ring that says ‘for Allah’ on it?

The Washington Post
Adam Taylor
A ring discovered in a Viking grave in Birka, a historic trading center in what is now Sweden.© Christer Ahlin/Statens historiska museum A ring discovered in a Viking grave in Birka, a historic trading center in what is now Sweden.In the modern-era, Scandinavian countries have become known for their sometimes awkward embrace of migrants from the Arab and Muslim world. But the history behind that relationship goes back far further than you might expect.

Consider the case of a ring discovered in a Viking grave in Birka, a historic trading center in what is now Sweden. The woman in the grave died in the 9th century and was discovered around a thousand years later by the famous Swedish archaeologist Hjalmar Stolpe, who spent years excavating the grave sites around Birka.

The ring is unique. Made of silver alloy, it contained a stone with an inscription written in the Kufic Arabic script widely used between the 8th and 10th centuries. “For/to Allah,” the inscription read. It was the only known Viking Age ring with an Arabic inscription to be found in the entire of Scandinavia. Exactly how the woman got the ring wasn’t clear — she was found wearing typical Scandinavian dress, so presumably the ring arrived through trade.

Now, new research from biophysicist Sebastian Wärmländer of Stockholm University and his colleagues has confirmed exactly how unique the ring was. In the journal Scanning, the researchers recount how they used a scanning electron microscope to investigate the origins of the ring. Notably, they discovered that the stone in the ring is actually colored glass — at the time an exotic material for the Vikings, though it had been made for thousands of years in the Middle East and North Africa.

© Bernard WalshEven more notably, the ring displayed a remarkable lack of wear, leading the authors to speculate that it had few — if any — owners in-between its creator and its Viking owner. Instead, Wärmländer and his colleagues suggest, it appears to show direct contact between Viking society and the Abbasid Caliphate that dominated much of the Middle East and North Africa. The authors write, “it is not impossible that the woman herself, or someone close to her, might have visited — or even originate from — the Caliphate or its surrounding regions.”

While physical evidence of it is unusual, there have been plenty of accounts of Scandinavians from this period crossing paths with the early Muslim world. By the 11th century Vikings had become known for their lengthy sea voyages, journeying as far west as the Americas and likely reaching Constantinople and even Baghdad when they traveled the other way. And while contemporary accounts of Vikings from Western Europe suggests terrifying invaders, most accounts suggest the Vikings, likely fearful of the more sophisticated warriors in the region, instead looked for trade when they went east.

“The Vikings were very interested in silver, not so much in gold,” Farhat Hussain, a historian,told the National newspaper of Abu Dhabi in 2008. “It was a status symbol for Viking men and women, they even wanted to be buried with silver.”

Still, the Scandinavians did raise some eyebrows on their journeys. In an otherwise complimentary description of people now believed to be Vikings, Ahmad ibn Fadlan, an emissary of the Abbasid Caliph, wasn’t so sure about their hygiene. “They are the filthiest of all Allah’s creatures,” the Arab writer wrote in the 10th century. “They do not purify themselves after excreting or urinating or wash themselves when in a state of ritual impurity after coitus and do not even wash their hands after food.”

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Not just any old iron: Collection of Victorian wrought-iron horse-drawn carriages set to sell for £1.5million

  • Group of 28 coaches have been amassed by a European-based collector over the past 30 years
  • An 1835 Traveling Landauer wagon that was commissioned by the Royal Mews is worth £300,000

The group of 28 coaches, which were built long before the invention of the automobile, have been amassed by a European-based collector over the past 30 years.

The pick of the group is an 1835 Traveling Landauer wagon that was commissioned by the Royal Mews worth £300,000.

A collection of Victorian wrought-iron horse-drawn carriages is to sell for an expected £1.5million. Pictured, the 1835 Traveling Landauer

The level of luxury that went into making the extravagant Traveling Landauer wagon is said to be beyond that of Rolls Royce standard of today

The extravagant coach was made by Adams & Hooper of London and used to carry King William IV on his Royal duties until his death just two years later.

The level of luxury and detail that went into making it is said to be beyond that of Rolls Royce standard of today.

And a carriage once owned by luxury champagne producers Veuve Clicquot to take clients to their vineyards is valued at £25,000.

As well as the 28 carriages, there are six children-sized coaches and more than 150 items of memorabilia, including period lamps, luggage, picnic sets, tack and photographs.

The 1892 Road Coach made by renowned coachbuilders Holland & Holland that is expected to sell for £150,000

As well as the carriages, there are six children-sized coaches and 150 memorabilia items for sale. Pictured, the 1910 German Mylord

Rob Hubbard, of London auctioneers Bonhams, said: ‘The owner is a Dutch collector but a lot of the carriages he has were made by English coachbuilders.

‘He has spent over 30 years collecting but he is now aged in his 80s and he no longer has any horses left and has decided now to pass it on to somebody else.

‘These carriages are all exceptional in quality, you rarely see them in such good condition.

‘The Royal Mews carriage is luxurious and has 50 yards of individually stitched cord. The attention to detail is beyond the Rolls Royce standard while the Veuve Clicquot carriage’s seats are made from pure silk.’

The auction takes place on March 7.

The interior of the 1880 Holland & Holland Drag, which has an estimated value of £90,000. The auction takes place on March 7

The group of 28 wrought-iron coaches that were built long before the invention of the automobile. Pictured, 1895 - 1898 Road Coach

Rob Hubbard, of London auctioneers Bonhams said the carriages are ‘exceptional in quality’. Pictured, the 1895 – 1898 Road Coach has an estimated value of £100,000
Mr Hubbard added that 'you rarely see them in such good condition'. Pictured, the 1908 Motor Buggy valued at £40,000

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2905576/Not-just-old-iron-Collection-Victorian-wrought-iron-horse-drawn-carriages-set-sell-1-5million.html#ixzz3VMd7s0QO
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Cute Dogs for Your Monday Blues

I’m in Washington, D.C. for a week for a conference, so I apologize for slow posts, including missing the cosplay weekend…

Nonetheless, here are some cute dog pictures to cheer up your week.

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Cool Vehicles – If you could only pick one…

Which of the following vehicles would you pick if you could have only one?

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Saint Patrick – What about the snakes and the shamrocks?

First, from Wikipedia:

Saint Patrick (Latin: Patricius; Proto-Irish: *Qatrikias;[2] Modern Irish: Pádraig [ˈpˠaːd̪ˠɾˠəɟ];[3] Welsh: Padrig[4]) was a 5th-centuryRomano-British Christian missionary and bishop in Ireland. Known as the “Apostle of Ireland”, he is the primary patron saint of Ireland, along with Saints Brigit and Columba.

The dates of Patrick’s life cannot be fixed with certainty but, on a widespread interpretation, he was active as a missionary in Ireland during the second half of the fifth century.[5] He is generally credited with being the first bishop of Armagh, Primate of Ireland.

According to the Confessio of Patrick, when he was about 16, he was captured by Irish pirates from his home in Britain, and taken as a slave to Ireland, where he lived for six years before escaping and returning to his family. After becoming a cleric, he returned to northern and western Ireland. In later life, he served as an ordained bishop, but little is known about the places where he worked. By the seventh century, he had already come to be revered as the patron saint of Ireland.

Saint Patrick’s Day is observed on 17 March, which is said to be the date of his death.[6] It is celebrated inside and outside Ireland as a religious and cultural holiday. In the dioceses of Ireland, it is both a solemnity and a holy day of obligation; it is also a celebration of Ireland itself.

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The Shamrock – The shamrock was used as a metaphor to teach pagans the concept of the Trinity, how the Father, Son and Holy Ghost are separate, like the three parts of the shamrock leaf, but one, in that they all form a single leaf or entity.

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The Snakes – The story of St. Patrick driving the snakes out of Ireland is an allegory.  Like a metaphor, it uses one thing to represent another, but instead of a single object, it is a story.  In the case of snakes, St. Patrick actually was credited with driving out paganism, the form of the serpent or snake a metaphor for the Devil and evil, as in the Garden of Eden.  By bringing Catholic Christian beliefs to Ireland and spreading them quickly, he “drove the snakes out of Ireland.”

So there you have it.

Erin go bragh!

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