Monthly Archives: October 2013

Random Humor

More Random Humor to get you through your Tuesday!

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NASA finds plastic ingredient on Saturn’s moon Titan

NASA finds plastic ingredient on Saturn’s moon Titan

By Miriam Kramer

Published October 02, 2013

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    Saturn’s moon Titan’s atmosphere creates a ring of light outlining the large moon. Image uploaded on Sept. 30, 2013. (NASA/JPL-CALTECH/SSI)

For the first time, a chemical essential for the creation of plastic on Earth has been found in a far-off part of the solar system: Saturn’s largest Titan.

The discovery, made by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft currently orbiting Saturn, found that the atmosphere of Titan contains propylene, a key ingredient of plastic containers, car bumpers and other everyday items on Earth. NASA scientists announced the discovery  with a video describing the propylene find on Titan.

“This chemical is all around us in everyday life, strung together in long chains to form a plastic called polypropylene,” Conor Nixon, a NASA planetary scientist and lead author of a paper detailing the new research in the Sept. 30 issue of the Astrophysical Journal Letterssaid in a statement. “That plastic container at the grocery store with the recycling code 5 on the bottom — that’s polypropylene.” [Amazing Photos: Titan, Saturn’s Largest Moon]

‘This chemical is all around us in everyday life.’

– Conor Nixon, a NASA planetary scientist 

Scientists used Cassini’s composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) instrument, which measures infrared light given off by Saturn and its moon, made the discovery.

The new study helps piece together a long-standing mystery about Titan’s atmosphere. When Voyager 1 conducted the first close flyby of the moon in 1980, it recognized gasses in the moon’s brown atmosphere as hydrocarbons.

Scientists have found that hydrocarbons — which make up fossil fuels on Earth — form on Titan after sunlight breaks apart methane and the chemicals reform into chains of two or more carbons. Voyager found evidence of the heaviest three-carbon hydrocarbon, propane, and the spacecraft also discovered propyne — one of the lightest in the family.

The middle-weight chemicals like propylene, however, were missing from the Voyager data.

“This measurement was very difficult to make because propylene’s weak signature is crowded by related chemicals with much stronger signals,” Michael Flasar, Goddard scientist and principal investigator for the CIRS instrument, said in a statement. “This success boosts our confidence that we will find still more chemicals long hidden in Titan’s atmosphere.”

Titan is about half the size of Earth and is the second-largest moon in the solar system — only Jupiter’s Ganymede beats it out in size. The moon is also the only one in the solar system that harbors clouds and a planet-like atmosphere, which is mostly composed of nitrogen and methane.

Cassini launched to space in 1997, arriving in orbit around Saturn in July 2004. The mission — centered on understanding Saturn and its many moons — is expected to continue until 2017 when the spacecraft will be crashed into Saturn’s atmosphere.

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First journey on the London Underground

24th May 1862:First journey on the London Underground

“One of several pre-opening trial trips on the Metropolitan Railway, at Edgware Road. The then Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Rt Hon William Gladstone and his wife, and John Fowler the engineer are among the invited party aboard Smith & Knight’s open wagons. This was a special trial trip in a contractor’s train on the first section of the Metropolitan Railway”

– London Transport Museum

Sources: London Transport Museum / What’s That Picture?

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Cute Dogs for Your Monday Blues!

More cute dog pictures to cheer you up on your Monday.  Enjoy!

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Rare Jewish prayer book predates oldest known Torah scroll

Rare Jewish prayer book predates oldest known Torah scroll

Digging History

Published October 03, 2013

FoxNews.com
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    Researchers have identified what is likely the oldest Jewish prayer book ever found, dated by both scholars and Carbon-14 tests to circa 840 C.E. (GREEN SCHOLARS INITIATIVE)

Scholars are calling a rare Hebrew text dating back to the 9th century the earliest known Jewish prayer book, predating the world’s oldest Torah scroll.

The 50-page book is 4.3 inches tall and about 4 inches wide and is written in an archaic form of Hebrew, on pages of aged parchment. The text includes 100 Jewish blessings and discusses topics such as the apocalyptic tale of the End Times and the Passover Seder.

Carbon testing dates the prayer book to the year 840, which is 300 to 400 years before the oldest known Torah scroll from the 12th and 13th centuries.

“This find is historical evidence supporting the very fulcrum of Jewish religious life,” said Jerry Pattengale, executive director of the Green Scholars Initiative, the group that announced the find. “This Hebrew prayer book helps fill the gap between the Dead Sea Scrolls and other discoveries of Jewish texts from the ninth and tenth centuries.”

“This was a liturgical set of prayers, hymns and poems used for various occasions,” Pattengale told the Huffington Post. “The prayer book is really what most of the Jewish community would be in touch with on a daily basis, [creating] a connection between the Bible and their daily worship.”

The book is the Jewish equivalent of an early complete edition of the Christian Book of Common Prayer.

Started by the Green family of the retail chain Hobby Lobby, the Green Scholar’s Initiative is the research arm of The Green Collection, one of the world’s largest private collections of biblical texts and artifacts containing more than 40,000 items.

The prayer book which was purchased from a private collector will be on display in a yet-to-be named biblical museum set to open in March 2017 in Washington, D.C.

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Slimy Japanese giant salamanders can bite off your finger

Slimy Japanese giant salamanders can bite off your finger

Published September 30, 2013

FoxNews.com

 

Nature’s Horror Show: 31 of the World’s Ugliest Creatures

From the terrifying coconut crab to the shocking giant isopod to the merely ugly (like Miss Ellie), nature’s creatures aren’t all beauties. Here are 31 animals you’ll wish you hadn’t seen.  

The Japanese giant salamander can grow up to 5 feet long, weigh 80 pounds and can easily bite off a large chunk of your finger in a split second. The slimy, mottled amphibians have remained virtually unchanged for millions of years.

Once hunted for food, the salamanders are protected as a national treasure in Japan and efforts are underway to breed the threatened species in captivity, according to National Geographic.

The salamanders are rarely seen, coming out only at night to lurk in cool streams around mountains and foothills.

“Knowing how giant salamanders go about breeding and what conditions are necessary for that to happen comes in useful when considering how best to protect them in the wild,” Tim Johnson, a Tokyo-based salamander enthusiast who has observed these creatures in the mountains told National Geographic. “The way rivers have been modified in recent decades has made it difficult, and sometimes impossible, for them to migrate upstream to breed.”

After many attempts to breed, a male named Daigoro and a female called Sachiko finally managed to conceive and 500 eggs were fertilized.

While their parents may find their newborns cute once they arrive, the rest of the world won’t. Japanese giant salamanders are included in our list of the world’s 31 ugliest creatures.

Click here to see the rest of nature’s horrors.

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Horse Powered Train – 1850

I am guessing this locomotive operated with about four horsepower…
1850:The Impulsoria

“The Impulsoria was a locomotive constructed in 1850 that was powered by horses on a treadmill following a design by Clemente Masserano. The locomotive undertook trials in London in 1850 and was exhibited at The Great Exhibition in 1851.”

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Machu Picchu – A scary view…

I love Machu Picchu though I have never had the pleasure to go there.  The last hidden bastion of the lost Incan Empire, not discovered for many years.  Recently, the government had to seriously curtail the number of visitors because the sheer traffic was harming the site.  We are all used to the nice fly-by panoramic picture of Machu Picchu, so when I saw this one I thought – maybe not.  Seriously steep ancient crumbling stairs with no handrails, one slip and you roll down a steep stony cliff thousands of feet…  When I was young and in the military I would have gone for it, but now with a half artificial leg, maybe not, or at least not that part.

machu pichu

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The Battle Of Helm’s Deep using 150,000 LEGO Blocks

Duo Recreates The Battle Of Helm’s Deep using 150,000 LEGO Blocks

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This mind-blowingly huge and incredibly detailed recreation of the battle of Helm’s Deep was made in about 4 months by Rich-K & Big J using 150,000 LEGO blocks and 1,700 mini-figs. The whole thing weighs about 160 pounds and is the size of a ping-pong table.

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Cosplay Pictures for Your Saturday!

More cool cosplay pictures for your Saturday enjoyment!

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